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1.
Rev. medica electron ; 41(2): 397-409, mar.-abr. 2019. tab
Article in Spanish | CUMED, LILACS | ID: biblio-1004276

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Introducción: la agitación durante la emergencia de la anestesia general es una complicación frecuente en pediatría que puede causar daños físicos, retrasar el alta y aumentar los costos. Objetivo: caracterizar los episodios anestesia general en el paciente pediátrico. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, prospectivo, longitudinal de 246 pacientes que presentaron anestesia general en el Hospital "Eliseo Noel Caamaño" entre septiembre de 2015 y diciembre de 2018. Se estudiaron las variables: edad, género, ASA, tiempo quirúrgico y tiempo anestésico, tipo de cirugía, método de anestesia, agentes usados para la inducción y el mantenimiento, severidad de los episodios y necesidad de tratamiento. Resultados: la mayoría de los pacientes que presentaron anestesia general tenían entre 2 y 6 años (63,4%), eran masculinos (67,9%), ASA I (78,1%) y fueron operados de excéresis de lesiones de partes blandas (27,6%). El tiempo quirúrgico fue de 31,2 ± 10,4 minutos y el anestésico 43,5±8,8 minutos. El método anestésico más indicado fue la anestesia balanceada (84,2%), como inductor el propofol (86,2%) y para el mantenimiento isoflurano (34,1%) y sevoflurano (26,4%). Predominaron los episodios severos (51,2%) y el 56,9% necesitó intervención farmacológica. Conclusiones: esta anestesia fue más frecuente en los menores de seis años, masculinos, sanos, a los cuales se les realizaron procederes cortos, con anestesia balanceada, se usó propofol para la inducción e isoflurano y sevoflurano para el mantenimiento de la anestesia. Prevalecieron los episodios severos y la mayoría requirió tratamiento farmacológico.


ABSTRACT Introduction: agitation during the emergence from general anesthesia is a frequent complication in Pediatrics that can cause physical damages, delay discharge and increase costs. Objective: to characterize the episodes of general anesthesia in the pediatric patient. Materials and methods: a descriptive, prospective, longitudinal study was carried out with 246 patients who presented general anesthesia in the Hospital "Eliseo Noel Caamaño" from September 2015 to December 2018. The studied variables were age, gender, ASA, surgical time, anesthetic time, kind of surgery, anesthetic method, agents used for the induction and maintenance, episodes severity and treatment necessity. Results: most of patients treated with general anesthesia were aged 2-6 years (63.4 %), male (67.9 %), ASA I (78.1 %), and underwent the removal of soft parts lesions (27.6 %). The average surgical time was 31,2 ± 10,4 minutes and the anesthetics one was 43,5±8,8 minutes. The most used anesthetics method was balanced anesthesia (84.2 %), the most used inductor was propofol (86.2 %) and for the maintenance isoflurane (34,1%) and sevoflurane (26,4%). Severe episodes (51,2%) predominated, and 56.9 % needed pharmacologic intervention. Conclusions: this kind of anesthesia is more frequently used in children aged less than 6 years, male, healthy, who underwent short procedures with balanced anesthesia and the use of propofol for the induction and isoflurane and sevoflurane for maintaining it. Severe episodes predominated, and most of them required pharmacologic treatment.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Child, Preschool , Child , Emergence Delirium/complications , Emergence Delirium/diagnosis , Emergence Delirium/drug therapy , Anesthesia, General/adverse effects , Anesthesia, General/methods , Anesthesia, General/statistics & numerical data , Pediatrics , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Prospective Studies , Longitudinal Studies
2.
Rio de Janeiro; s.n; 2014. 105 p. ilus, tab, graf.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-1412491

ABSTRACT

A presente dissertação tem como objeto o delirium em idosos no pós- operatório de cirurgias ortopédicas. Objetivos: Identificar a incidência e o perfil socioeconômico dos pacientes idosos com delirium; Relacionar os fatores predisponentes e precipitantes associados ao quadro de delirium em idosos e Relatar as manifestações de delirium e as intervenções realizadas pela equipe multidisciplinar. Pesquisa quantitativa, descritiva, longitudinal, do tipo Survey. Os dados foram coletados, nas unidades de internação e de Terapia Intensiva do Instituto Nacional de Traumatologia e Ortopedia Jamil Haddad. Desenvolvido com 100 indivíduos, de ambos os gêneros com idade variando de 60 a 91 anos, submetidos à cirurgia de joelho, quadril e trauma. A prevalência foi do gênero feminino (68%) e as idades variaram de 60 a 91 anos, sendo média de 71,83 anos. Foi utilizada a escala de avaliação de delirium (Confusion Assessment Method- CAM) onde foram identificados 34 indivíduos desenvolvendo o delirium no pós-operatório. Os fatores predisponentes foram: idade avançada (média 75,3 anos), doença psiquiátrica prévia (depressão), história anterior de demência, deficiência auditiva. Fatores precipitantes: procedência de outras institui- ções hospitalares, dias de hospitalização (dias da admissão até a coleta), complicações na cirurgia, infecção urinária, restrição de movimento, privação do sono, uso de dispositivos invasivos e dor. As manifestações dos que tiveram delirium hiperativo foram respostas incorretas, agitação, confusão e alteração ciclo sono-vigília. Sonolência e nível de consciência rebaixado foram apresentados por sete participantes que apresentaram delirium hipoativo. Como intervenção não farmacológica a contenção no leito foi a única registrada. O tratamento farmacológico foi utilizado em 91,2% dos indivíduos, sendo o haloperidol o fármaco mais utilizado.


This dissertation has as its objective delirium in the elderly in the postoperative period of orthopedic surgeries. Objectives: To identify the incidence and socioeconomic profile of elderly patients with delirium; List the predisposing era precipitating factors associated with delirium in the elderly and Report the manifestations of delirium and the interventions performed by the multidisciplinary team. Quantitative, descriptive, longitudinal research, Survey type. Data were collected in the inpatient and intensive care units from the National Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics Jamil Haddad. Developed with 100 individuals, of both genders ranging in age from 60 to 91 years, under going knee, hip and trauma surgery. The prevalence was female (68%) and ages ranged from 60 to 91 years, with an average of 71, 83 years. The Delirium Assessment Scale (Confusion Assessment Method- CAM) was used, where 34 individuals were identified developing the delirium in the postoperative period. Predisposing factors were: advanced age (mean 75,3 years), previous psychiatric illness (depression), previous history of dementia, hearing impairment. Precipitating factors: origin from other hospital institutions, days of hospitalization (days from admission to collection), complications in surgery, urinary track infection, restricted movement, sleep deprivation, use of invasive devices and pain. The manifestations of those who had hyperactive delirium were incorrect responses, agitation, confusion and altered sleep wake cycle. Drowsiness and lowered level of consciousness were presented by seven participants who had hypoactive delirium. As a non pharmacological intervention, bed restraint was the only one recorded. Pharmacological treatment was used in 91,2%of the individuals, with haloperidol being the most used drug.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Emergence Delirium , Trauma Nursing , Postoperative Period , Comorbidity , Risk Factors , Longitudinal Studies , Orthopedic Procedures , Qualitative Research , Emergence Delirium/complications , Emergence Delirium/diagnosis , Health Policy , Intensive Care Units
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